00readme.txt: Version of 5 July 2002

(Detailed 2000-pixel-wide Digitized Photos Available)

018-25: Mowry Basin and Piney Creek Thrust, Bighorn Mountains, WY. Tensleep ss (Pennsylvanian/Permian) and red Chugwater shale (Triassic) crop out in foreground, beveled by Quaternary pediments. The tree-covered ridge on the horizon is the south margin of the Piney Creek Thrust. The light-colored knob at the horizon is the Bighorn dolomite (Ordovician) and Madison limestone (Mississippian) that have been thrust eastward over younger rocks. The grassy depression to their left is underlain by the Flathead, Gallatin, and Gros Ventre fms of Cambrian age. The grassy ridge on the horizon at the right is composed of the Kingsbury conglomerate, coarse debris of sedimentary rocks eroded from the thrust sheet during Tertiary time and grading eastward into the Wasatch fm. (13Jun56)

020-04: View to the south at the north side of the Piney Thrust sheet, Bighorn Mountains, WY; On the right (west) horizon is the Precambrian crystalline mountain core. The adjacent swale is underlain by Cambrian formations. The ridge at the center is composed of the Ordovician Bighorn dolomite and Mississippian Madison fm. The peak at the left is composed of the Tertiary Moncrief gravels (crystalline rocks) that were eroded from the thrust plate. (22Jul56)

051-24: Aztec, NM; right bank of Animas River valley, ruins of Indian dwellings and kevas at Aztec Ruins National Monument. Note orchards and lush crops made possible by irrigation in a dry land. (23Aug59)

051-25: Partially eroded Quaternary terraces on left bank of the Animas River near Aztec, NM. Note small alluvial fan (with automobile for scale) and irrigated fields. (23Aug59)

051-28: Braided San Juan River at Farmington, NM. Notice high boulder-armored terrace at left on which airport is located and the lower terraces on both sides of the river. View to northeast looking upstream.(23Aug59)

051-29: Junction of La Plata River and San Juan River, just west of Farmington, NM. View to the north. The Farmington airport is on the high terrace at the right margin; the same boulder-armored terrace lies over the Cretaceous sandstone to the left. (23Aug59)

051-33: A view to the north along Hogback Mountain (a monocline) that intersects the San Juan River 18 miles west of Farmington, NM. The Chaco River, at the right, flows northward parallel to the Hogback. The mountain at the left horizon (in Colorado) is the Sleeping Ute. The strata of Mesa Verde lie along the central horizon. (23Aug59)

052-01: Chaco River and distant Hogback, NM; view to north. The river bed may appear to be dry at certain times of year, but shallow holes dug in the sand generally fill with water. Sleeping Ute Mountain and Mesa Verde (CO) lie on the distant horizon. (23Aug59)

052-04: Eroded rocks in the San Juan Basin, NM. Bennett Peak (6610 ft) and Ford Butte lie in the middle distance; Shiprock (7178 ft) is at the right horizon. The mountains on the center horizon (9412 ft) are the Carizo Mountains (AZ); the range at the left is Beautiful Mountain (8945 ft), an outlier of the Chuska Mountains. (23Aug59)

052-05: Abandoned Navajo fields near Newcomb, NM. View to northwest. The flank of Bennett Peak is at the right. Carizo Mountains and Beautiful Mountain lie on the horizon at the center and left, respectively. (23Aug59)

052-14: Mudflow east of Chuska Mountains, NM. View to west; Washington Pass (volcanic area) lies in background. A series of spectacular landslide blocks occur along the margin of the 9000-ft-high Chuska Mountains, causing the mountain flank to retreat westward. The oldest slump blocks are now far from the mountain margin and highly weathered. This weathered material is subject to flowing when it is wet. (23Aug59)

052-16: Near Great Bend of the Chaco River, 10 miles east of Sheep Springs, NM. Looking SSE. Prevailing winds are from the southwest, and the sandy bed of the river is a good source of sand. Note the dune fields forming downwind from the river at the left of the photo. (23Aug59)

052-18: Barchan dunes east of Chaco River and south of Hunters Wash, 10 miles northeast of Sheep Springs, NM. Looking SSE. (23Aug59)

052-20: Active barchan dunes east of Chaco River and south of Hunters Wash, 15 miles northeast of Sheep Springs, NM. View to SSW. Note parallel north/south traces on the dunes resulting from dust devils. See also photo 052-21. (23Aug59)

052-21: Dust-devil trails (disturbed desert varnish) on dunes east of Chaco River, 15 miles northeast of Sheep Springs, NM. View to SSW. (23Aug59)

058-18: Molas Pass Area, San Juan Mountains, CO. Treeless area below peaks was caused by the Lime Creek Burn of 1879. Layered sedimentary rocks produce the tabular structure. (29Jun60)

059-06: Cliff House, Mesa Verde National Park, CO. Taken from the ground. (2Jul60)

077-15: Wasatch fm (Tertiary) east of the Piney Creek Thrust near Story, WY, Bighorn Mountains; view to west. (Jul63)

085-01: Tornado damage that occurred 11 Apr 65 near Evansville, WI. Note selectivity of damage. (13Apr65)

085-06: Tornado damage that occurred 11 Apr 65 to trailer park at Monroe, WI (13Apr65)

085-10: Tornado damage that occurred 11 Apr 65 to a farm and wood lot near Monroe WI (13Apr65)

085-25: Lower Wisconsin River in flood near Muscoda, WI (27Apr65)

085-35: Mississippi River flood. Partially submerged houses north of Guttenburg, IA. View to west. (27Apr65)

085-37: Mississippi River flood at Dubuque, IA (27Apr65)

086-23: Parnell Esker and kettle lake, 3 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to the southeast; NE 1/4 Sec 20, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum Quad. See also photo 175-10. (12May65)

086-26: Drumlin topography in Green Bay lowland south of Fond du Lac, WI. Note linear fields parallel to drumlin alignment. View to NNE. (12May65)

089-16: Sheep Mountain area, Bighorn Basin, WY. Dome exposing black Thermopolis shale of Cretaceous age. View to southeast. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-68. (25Jun65)

089-23: View of west side of the Sheep Mountain anticline, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to the northeast. Madison limestone (Mississippian) and overlying Amsden fm (Mississippian-Pennsylvanian) form Sheep Mountain. The red Triassic Chugwater shale forms a low valley. Then in sequence occur the thin white ridge-forming Jurassic Gypsum Spring fm, the Jurassic Sundance fm, the Jurassic Morrison and Cretaceous Cloverly fms, and the Cretaceous Thermopolis fm with its distinctive white sandy interval that is partially hidden by recent alluvium. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-107. (25Jun65)

089-28: Red Chugwater fm (Triassic) and white Gypsum Spring fm (Jurassic) at south end of Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to northeast. Bighorn Mountains in background. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-190. (25Jun65)

089-31: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to northwest. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-13. (25Jun65)

090-04: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to south. Black Thermopolis and Mowry fms (Cretaceous) crop out in northeast-plunging syncline in the foreground. The adjacent northeast-plunging anticline extends through the middle of the view. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-65. (25Jun65)

090-07: Sheep Mountain area, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to northwest on the flank of a gentle anticline. The pink and green formations in the lower right quarter of the photo range from the Gypsum Spring fm through the Sundance, Morrison (Jurassic), and Cloverly fms (Cretaceous). The remainder of the photo shows exposures of the black Thermopolis shale, a narrow syncline in the Mowry shale and another exposure of the Thermopolis shale in a small dome. The Absaroka Range is at left horizon. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-256. (25Jun65)

090-09: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to southeast. The Sheep Mountain anticline plunges to the northwest. The white Muddy sand of the black Thermopolis shale appears at the center of view and bends around the nose of the anticline to extend along strike at the left. The Mowry shale crops out in a southeast-plunging syncline at the right. At the right-center of the view it is possible to see the linear furrow of a Bentonite open-cut mining operation in the upper part of the Mowry shale. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-66. (25Jun65)

090-11: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to northwest. Eroded dome exposing Thermopolis shale. Note the faulted white Muddy sand in the dome; the northwest side has been uplifted relative to the southeast. The Thermopolis is again exposed in an anticline at the lower right of the photo. The northwest-plunging syncline that exists between the two anticlines contains the Mowry shale, Frontier fm, and Cody shale, all of Cretaceous age. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-256. (25Jun65)

090-12: Little Sheep Mountain area, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to the northwest along strike. From right to left the units range through Chugwater, Gypsum Spring, Sundance, Morrison, Cloverly, Thermopolis, Mowry, Frontier and Cody. The green valley in the distance is the Shoshone River near Lovell, WY. The Pryor Mountains lie on the horizon in MT. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-91. (25Jun65)

090-15: Looking northwest along strike east of Little Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. The beds dip steeply, and, from left to right, the rock ages range from Mississippian through Cretaceous. Lovell, WY lies in the Shoshone River valley in the distance. The Absaroka Mountains lie on the horizon at the left; the Pryor Mountains are at the right. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-198. (25Jun65)

090-23: West flank of Bighorn Mountains east of Lovell, WY. View toward the NNW. (25Jun65)

090-33: Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks in the Bighorn Basin, WY. View toward the northeast to the Bighorn Mountains. Site lies east of the Bighorn River to the north of Greybull, WY. The brown Sundance fm (Jurassic) crops out at the lower left of the photo; it is overlain by the brown Morrison (Jurassic) and pink and brown Cloverly fm (Cretaceous) and black Thermopolis shale (Cretaceous). See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-60. (25Jun65)

090-36: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. View to the southwest. The units (red Chugwater, Gypsum Spring, Sundance, Morrison, Cloverly, and black Thermopolis shale are partially obscured by erosion debris. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-65. (25Jun65)

090-37: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin; looking southeast along strike at the east side of the Sheep Mountain anticline. The black Thermopolis shale is exposed in the adjacent, partially faulted northwest-plunging syncline. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-128. (25Jun65)

091-04: Sheep Mountain, Bighorn Basin, WY. The Bighorn River, flowing over Tertiary basin fill was superimposed upon the Sheep Mountain anticline. View toward the southeast looking upstream. Struts belong to a rented Piper Scout. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-110. (27Jun65)

091-20: Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone Park, WY. (Ground) (Jul65)

093-04: Wind River Basin, WY. View to west looking upstream over the Wind River to the Wind River Mountains. The deep notch on the mountain flank is the valley of Bull Lake. (21Jul65)

093-10: Valley of Dinwoody Lakes, Wind River Mountains, WY. View to the south. Note recessional moraines in the valley. (21Jul65)

093-19: Moraine at Dinwoody Lakes, Wind River Mountains, WY. View to the south. (21Jul65)

093-27: Mud flow north of Dubois, WY and west of Little Horse Creek. View toward northwest. Sediment derived from Tertiary sediments exposed to the west. See also photo 093-29. The flow has pushed Little Horse Creek to the east. Note the ponds and depressions on the surface of the flow. (21Jul65)

093-29: Mud flow north of Dubois, WY and west of Little Horse Creek. Sediment derived from Tertiary sediments exposed in middle distance. View toward west. See also photo 093-27. (21Jul65)

106-03: White River Badlands of SD; view of outliers near Weta, SD. (9Apr66)

106-07: White River meanders and badlands southwest of Weta, SD. View toward southwest. (9Apr66)

106-10: White River with some badlands outliers southwest of Weta, SD.
View toward northeast. (9Apr66)

106-18: Grass-topped badlands sediments northwest of Interior, SD. View toward southwest. (9Apr66)

106-19: Eroded badlands with some grass northwest of Interior, SD. View toward southwest. (9Apr66)

106-28: Grass plateau with badlands surrounding northwest of Interior, SD. View to northeast. (9Apr66)

106-30: Badlands erode into grass-covered plateau northwest of Interior, SD. View to east. (9Apr66)

107-10: Mt. Rushmore, Black Hills, SD. View southwest toward Harney Peak (7242 ft). (9Apr66)

107-19: Black Hills Triassic "racetrack" north of Rapid City, SD. View to NNW parallel to I90. Cretaceous formations form the "Dakota" cuesta at the right. Bear Butte (Tertiary intrusive) is in the distance at right. (9Apr66)

107-24: Bear Butte (4426 ft), a Tertiary intrusive, 7 miles northeast of Sturgis, SD. View to west. (9Apr66)

107-26: The Black Hills of South Dakota. View to the southwest. Bear Butte, a Tertiary intrusive, is in the right foreground. Sturgis, SD is behind the Dakota cuesta about 7 miles away. (9Apr66)

108-13: Devils Tower (5112 ft) at Devils Tower National Monument, WY. Tertiary intrusive; view to east with Belle Fourche River in background. Note columnar joints and the talus derived from it. (9Apr66)

108-14: Missouri Buttes (5372 ft), Tertiary intrusives northwest of Devils Tower, WY. (9Apr66)

108-17: Devils Tower (5112 ft) at Devils Tower National Monument, WY. Tertiary intrusive; view to northwest; Missouri Buttes at the left background. (9Apr66)

108-30: Twin mounds of Tertiary sediment capped by remnants of resistant clinker-beds. Photo taken between the Power River and Buffalo, WY. (9Apr66)

109-05: Canyon of the South Fork of Rock Creek in Mowry Basin along east flank of Bighorn Mountains near Saddlestring, WY. View to southwest. The light-colored flatirons are the Tensleep sandstone (Pennsylvanian-Permian) that dip below the red Chugwater shale (Triassic). Note the pediment remnant at the right. (9Apr66)

109-09: Piney Creek Thrust, Bighorn Mountains WY. View to northwest along strike of eastward-thrust Paleozoic formations. Precambrian crystalline rocks lie at the left. Cambrian sediments crop out in the grassy slopes. The Bighorn dolomite (Ordovician) and Madison limestone (Mississippian) form the ridge in the central part of the photo. Tertiary erosion debris, i.e. Moncrief member of Wasatch fm, is at the right. (9Apr66)

109-12: North edge of the Piney Creek Thrust looking northwest along the front of the Bighorn Mountains, WY. Valley of Little Goose Creek in middle distance. (9Apr66)

109-27: Horse Tooth Reservoir west of Fort Collins, CO. View to south along strike. (10Apr66)

110-30: Intersecting dikes (Tertiary) at Spanish Peaks, Las Animas and Huerfano Counties, CO. View to east. (10Apr66)

110-32: West Spanish Peak (13,623 ft) and dikes (Tertiary), Las Animas and Huerfano Counties, CO. View to the south. (10Apr66)

111-02: East Spanish Peak (12,708 ft) and West Spanish Peak (13,623 ft), Huerfano County, CO. View to the southeast from near La Vita Pass. (10Apr66)

111-07: Blanca Peak (14,363 ft), Sangre de Cristo Mountains, CO. View to the east. (10Apr66)

111-11: Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Alamosa and Saguache Counties, CO. High altitude view toward northeast. The sand accumulates in the San Luis Valley on the windward slope of the Sangre de Cristo Range. (10Apr66)

111-12: Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Alamosa and Saguache Counties CO. View to the north. The Sangre de Cristo Range lies in the background. (10Apr66)

111-14: Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Alamosa and Saguache Counties CO. View to north. (10Apr66)

111-20: Looking down on dunes at Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Las Animas and Huerfano Counties, CO. Notice sand blowing over dune crests and the recent mass movements. Top of photo is north. (10Apr66)

111-25: Dry lake beds in San Luis Valley north of Alamosa CO. View to the north. Note that in this windy environment the shorelines are stabilized by plant roots. The Great Sand Dunes National Monument lies east of this site. (10Apr66)

111-32: Lava-capped mesa by Rio Grande southwest of Taos, NM. View to the southwest toward Jemez Mountains in background. Note the difference in slope-wasting between the south-facing and north-facing slopes. (11Apr66)

112-04: Mesa by Rio Grande southwest of Taos, NM. View to northwest. Note the landslide blocks on this mesa flank. See also photo 111-32. (11Apr66)

112-20: Sierra de los Valles (Mt. Redondo Peak, 11,254 feet) Jemez Mountains, NM. View to northeast at this collapsed volcanic caldera. (11Apr66)

113-12: Chaco River cuts Hogback Mountain (a monocline) 20 miles west of Farmington, NM. View is to the south from over the San Juan River. The Chaco River is superimposed upon this ridge. (11Apr66)

113-19: Shiprock (7178 ft) and southern dike, southwest of Shiprock, NM. View to northwest. Note the several small satellite volcanic necks at the base of Shiprock. (11Apr66)

113-20: Shiprock (7178 ft) from over the southern dike, southwest of Shiprock, NM. View to the NNW. (11Apr66)

113-25: Shiprock (7178 ft), southwest of Shiprock, NM. View to the ENE. Note the radiating dikes. (11Apr66)

113-26: Shiprock (7178 ft), southwest of Shiprock, NM. View to the east. (11Apr66)

113-27: Shiprock (7178 ft), southwest of Shiprock, NM. View to ESE. The San Juan River and Hogback Mountain are in the background. (11Apr66)

113-31: Shiprock (7178 ft), southwest of Shiprock, NM. View to SSE. Note the small satellite volcanic necks at the lower left. (11Apr66)

114-04: Tertiary volcanic neck and Table Mesa, along Hy 666, 13 miles south of Shiprock, NM. View to the south. Bennett Peak (6610 ft) and Ford Butte are visible in the distance; the Chuska Mountains are at the right horizon. (11Apr66)

114-11: Animas River Valley and Florida Mesa, 20 miles south of Durango, CO. View to NNE. The Florida River joins the San Juan just off the photo at the right. Note the terraces (edges in shadow) on the edge of the Mesa; these can be traced to glacial moraines in Durango. See also photo 114-15. (12Apr66)

114-15: Animas River terraces south of Durango, CO. View to the east. In the foreground the San Juan River flows to the right; the Florida River (east of the Mesa) joins the San Juan several miles downstream. Terrace levels represent aggregating streams during glacial periods; they can be traced to moraines in Durango. (12Apr66)

114-34: Hermosa Cliffs (Hermosa fm, Pennsylvanian) in San Juan Mountains, 20 miles north of Durango, CO. View to south, Hy 550 and Durango narrow gauge RR in view. Note beveled spurs; this valley contained about 2000 feet of glacial ice that nearly reached the top of the cliffs several times during the Pleistocene. (12Apr66)

115-08: Engineer Mountain (12,968 ft) and Coalbank Hill, San Juan Mountains, CO. Coalbank Hill in foreground is Hermosa fm (Pennsylvanian); Engineer Mountain (a sill) is quartz trachyte. View to the northwest. (12Apr66)

115-10: Avalanche trails on the south side of Graysill Mountain, San Juan Mountains, CO. View to north. Site near San Juan/La Plata County line. (12Apr66)

115-13: Molas Pass area in snow, San Juan Mountains, CO. Layers under snow are sedimentary rock of Carboniferous age. Although the land surface lies below timberline, most of the forest was destroyed during the "Lime Creek Burn" of 1879. (12Apr66)

115-25: Molas Pass Area, San Juan Mountains, CO. Layers under snow are Carboniferous sediments. The overlying rocks at the mountain crests are crystalline rocks of Tertiary age. View to the north. Area burned over by Lime Creek Burn in 1879. The fire moved from southwest to northeast; leaving unburned forest remnants on the down-wind sides of firebreaks like that of Little Molas Lake which lies under the snow in the foreground. (12Apr66)

115-29: Looking WSW at the north side of Animas City Mountain, just north of Durango, CO. Mesozoic rocks are exposed in the canyon wall. Part of the meander belt of the Animas River is in the foreground. During the Pleistocene, this valley was filled with glacial ice. When the glacier reached this locality, Animas City Mountain deflected some of the flow to the west. Notice the basin of Chapman Lake that is formed by the small terminal moraine at its west side. Sleeping Ute Mountain is on the horizon at the right; the Carizo Mountains are at the left. (12Apr66)

115-31: Twin-ridged Pinedale Glacial Moraines at Durango, CO. View to southwest. The Pinedale ice over-deepened the valley of the Animas River. This depression was filled with sediment, and the Animas River today actively meanders across the flat. Beyond the twin-ridged moraines, the Animas flows again in a bedrock channel. At the left, a higher flat level dates from an older (Bull Lake?) glaciation; the valley has cut down since that time. A small airport was once located on the high terrace; today it is occupied by Fort Lewis College. River terraces continue far down the river from these moraines. The rocks are generally Mesozoic in age. Durango's famous "moving mountain," a landslide with spontaneously-combusting coal seams, appears as a light-colored scar on the right bank of river at the central left edge of the view. See also photo 115-35 (12Apr66)

115-35: Glacial moraines at Durango, CO. View toward southwest. The Pinedale ice over-deepened the valley of the Animas River. This depression was filled with sediment, and the Animas River today actively meanders across the flat. Beyond the twin-ridged moraines, the Animas flows again in a bedrock channel. At he left, a higher flat level dates from an older (Bull Lake?) glaciation; the valley has cut down since that time. A small airport was once located on the high level; today it is occupied by Fort Lewis College. River terraces continue far down the river from these moraines. The rocks are generally Mesozoic in age. See photo 115-31. (12Apr66)

116-04: Mesa Verde National Park, CO. Near vertical view of cliff dwellings. (12Apr66)

116-05: Canyons and mesas at Mesa Verde National Park, CO. View southwest. Note road loop overlooking Navajo Canyon. (12Apr66)

116-09: Outlying mesas south of Mesa Verde, CO. View to northwest. Sleeping Ute Mountain at right middle distance; Abajo Mountains (UT) in background. (12Apr66)

116-11: Shiprock (7178 ft), 12 miles southwest of Shiprock, NM. View toward southwest with Chuska Mountains in background. Beautiful Mountain (8945 ft) is at the left. Tertiary volcanic cones with a petrology similar to Shiprock occur on the flat-topped crest of the Chuska Mountains. The land surface at Shiprock is about 5500 ft, whereas the general elevation of the Chuskas is about 9000 ft; therefore some 3500 feet of erosion has taken place, and Shiprock provides a glimpse of a volcano's plumbing at that depth. (12Apr66)

117-01: Whiskey Lake, Chuska Mountains, NM. View to the ENE. The Chuska sandstone (Tertiary) represents a dune field that once occupied a valley. A siliceous cement has made the Chuska sandstone more resistant than its surroundings, and a reversal of topography has taken place. A series of partially-connected lake basins occur on the broad crest of the Chuskas. Their origin is not certain; it is thought that selective removal of cement by groundwater action may have caused localized subsidence. In the photo a series of northwest/southeast-aligned fresh landslide blocks can be seen east of the Chuska escarpment. These appear to occur at places where the sandstone is underlain by clay of Mesozoic age. Very highly weathered ancient landslide debris extends 10 miles to the east into the San Juan basin. (12Apr66)

117-23: Lava-capped mesa over red Triassic shale of the Painted Desert near Dilkon, AZ. (12Apr66)

117-26: Hopi Buttes, near Dilkon, AZ. View toward the west. Pines and Junipers provide scale. (12Apr66)

118-02: Meteor Crater, 20 miles west of Winslow, AZ. View to the south. (12Apr66)

118-07: San Francisco Mountains, north of Flagstaff, AZ. Humphreys Peak (12,635 ft) is covered with snow. View to the northwest. (12Apr66)

118-19: Cinder cones on north flank of San Francisco Mountains, north of Flagstaff, AZ. View to the northeast. Pine trees provide scale. (12Apr66)

118-20: Cinder cones north of San Francisco Mountains, north of Flagstaff, AZ. View to the east. (12Apr66)

118-26: Eroded lava flow and Little Colorado River about 15 miles south of Cameron, AZ. View to north. See also photo 118-30. (12Apr66)

118-30: View down on eroded lava flow along Little Colorado River, about 15 miles south of Cameron, AZ. View to the south. Jeep road provides scale. See also photo 118-26. (12Apr66)

119-07: Jointing along Little Colorado River, northwest of Cameron, AZ. Note the river at upper left that is 2000 feet below the rim. (12Apr66)

119-16: Canyon of Little Colorado River, northwest of Cameron, AZ. View to north about 10 miles upstream from the Colorado River. (12Apr66)

119-23: Looking down 4000 ft at Little Colorado River near its junction with the Colorado River in AZ. Plane wheel at lower left. (12Apr66)

119-25: Confluence of Colorado River and Little Colorado River in the Grand Canyon of AZ. View downstream to the southwest. Note the red color of the Little Colorado River; the Colorado has left its red mud behind the Glen Canyon Dam 60 miles upstream. (12Apr66)

119-26: Colorado River in Grand Canyon, AZ. View downstream just below confluence with Little Colorado River; see its red color near the left bank. Note temporary deltas being deposited at just about each tributary. (12Apr66)

119-28: Grand Canyon, AZ. View northwest. Kwagunt Butte in foreground is capped by Permian Kaibab fm; lower butte to the right is Malgosa Crest, which is capped by a remnant of Permian Coconino ss. Nankoweap Mesa is in the middle distance at the right margin. Note the vertical beds to its left; these are drag folds along a faulted part of the East Kaibab Monocline. See also photo 119-34. (12Apr66)

119-34: Drag fold along Grand Canyon, AZ. The drag has occurred along a faulted part of the East Kaibab Monocline. A portion of Nankoweap Mesa is at the right. See also photo 119-28. (12Apr66)

120-12: Hanging valleys along Colorado River in Marble Canyon, about 20 miles downstream from Page, AZ. View to southeast. Echo Cliffs are in the background. (12Apr66)

120-14: Hanging valleys along Colorado River in Marble Canyon, about 18 miles downstream from Page, AZ. View to west. (12Apr66)

120-16: Tributaries and hanging valleys, sand bars and erosion along Colorado River in Marble Canyon, downstream from Page, AZ. View to southeast. (12Apr66)

120-17: Colorado River in Marble Canyon, about 15 miles downstream from Page, AZ. View to NNE. (12Apr66)

120-18: Colorado River and Glen Canyon Dam at Page, AZ. View downstream. Rocks are part of the Glen Canyon group of Triassic and Jurassic age. (12Apr66)

120-26: Horizontal strata (Mesozoic) and a narrow divide between buttes near Page, AZ (12Apr66)

120-27: Powell Reservoir and buttes of Glen Canyon group (Triassic-Jurassic) at AZ/UT state line. View westward. (12Apr66)

120-32: Forbidden Canyon (with excursion boat) north of Rainbow Bridge, UT. Navajo ss of Triassic-Jurassic age. Canyon flooded by Powell Reservoir. (12Apr66)

120-35: Rainbow Bridge in Forbidden Canyon, UT. Navajo ss (Triassic-Jurassic). View to north. (12Apr66)

120-36: Potential new "rainbow bridges" in Forbidden Canyon to north of Rainbow bridge, UT. Rock is Navajo ss (Triassic-Jurassic). (12Apr66)

121-03: San Juan River meanders just upstream from the Colorado River, UT. Valley flooded by Powell Reservoir. (12Apr66)

121-12: Incised and joint-controlled San Juan River tributary, upstream from confluence with Colorado River, southern UT. (12Apr66)

121-32: Goosenecks of San Juan River, 9 miles northwest of Mexican Hat, UT. Very top layers are Rico fm (Pennsylvanian-Permian); main walls are Hermosa fm (Pennsylvanian). (12Apr66)

121-35: Monument Valley, UT and AZ. View south from San Juan River near Mexican Hat, UT. (12Apr66)

122-02: Goosenecks of San Juan River, 5 miles northwest of Mexican Hat, UT. Very top layers are Rico fm (Pennsylvanian-Permian); main walls are Hermosa fm (Pennsylvanian). (12Apr66)

122-06: West limb of anticline along San Juan River just east of Mexican Hat, UT. The flat rocks at left belong to the Halgaito fm, a member of the Cutler fm (Permian). The steeply-dipping beds at center belong to the Rico fm (Pennsylvanian-Permian), and the underlying beds at the right belong to the Hermosa fm (Pennsylvanian). (12Apr66)

122-09: East limb of anticline along San Juan River east of Mexican Hat, UT. View southeast. Rock ages range from Pennsylvanian to Jurassic. (12Apr66)

122-14: Looking down on alluvial cone (or landslide debris?) in a tributary to East Canyon Wash, south of the La Salle Mountains, UT. View to north; trees (Pine & Juniper) provide scale. (13Apr66)

122-15: Canyon Rims Recreational Area in Dry Valley region south of La Salle Junction, UT. View to southwest. (13Apr66)

122-19: Stream and joints, Arches National Park near Moab, UT. (13Apr66)

122-20: Isolated "fins" of jointed horizontal sedimentary rock composed of the Slickrock member of the Entrada sandstone (Jurassic), Arches Nation Park, UT. View to northeast. (13Apr66)

122-21: Stream and jointed Jurassic strata in Arches National Park, UT. View to the northeast. The lower red sandstone unit is the Slickrock member of the Entrada ss (Jurassic); it is overlain by the white sandstone of the Entrada's Moab tongue. The overlying nonresistant dark red siltstone belongs to the Tidwell member of the Morrison fm (Jurassic). (13Apr66)

122-22: Landscape Arch at Arches National Park, UT. View is to the northeast. The arch has a span of 291 ft and a height of 118 ft. (13Apr66)

122-24: Joint-produced "fins" in horizontal Jurassic sedimentary rock (Slickrock member of the Entrada ss) at Arches National Park, UT. View to the northeast. The light-colored sandstone of the overlying Entrada's Moab tongue is visible at the top of the photo. (13Apr66)

122-25: Looking down on vertical joints at Arches National Park, UT. Gaping joint set is aligned southeast/northwest (south is at upper right corner), parallel with Salt Valley (anticline/graben) located to right of the view. (13Apr66)

122-26: View of joint-caused "fins" at Arches National Park, UT. Red sandstone is the Slickrock member of the Entrada ss (Jurassic). View to the southeast. (13Apr66)

122-27: Strata at Arches National Park, UT. View to southeast. Salt Valley lies to the right. Red sandstone is Slickrock member of the Entrada fm (Jurassic); overlying light-colored bed is the Moab tongue of the Entrada fm; upper red shale belongs to the Tidwell member of the Jurassic Morrison fm. (13Apr66)

122-29: Landscape Arch, Arches National Park, UT. View to the west. The arch has a span of 291 ft and a height of 118 ft. (13Apr66)

122-30: Salt Creek anticline (graben) at Arches National Park, UT. View to northwest. Solution of evaporites of the underlying Pennsylvanian Paradox fm caused the graben to form, and this allowed the northwest/southeast joint set to widen and develop the "fins" so prominently displayed at the right of the photo. Jurassic Entrada fm is in the foreground. (13Apr66)

122-33: Erosion characteristics of three sediment layers at Arches 
National Park, UT. View to northeast. Park road provides scale. Red sandstone is Slickrock member of the Entrada fm (Jurassic); overlying light-colored bed is the Moab tongue of the Entrada fm; upper red siltstone belongs to the Tidwell member of the Jurassic Morrison fm. (13Apr66)

122-35: "The Windows" park loop road and arches at Arches National Park, UT. View to southeast. (13Apr66)

123-02: Cache Valley (graben) at Arches National Park, UT. View to southeast. Jurassic sediments; note that the younger Morrison fm in the graben is at the same level as the older Entrada ss at the left. Solution of evaporites of the underlying Pennsylvanian Paradox fm caused the graben to form. (13Apr66)

123-04: Delicate Arch (center of photo) from air, Arches National Park, UT. View is to the southwest. See also photo 193-26. (13Apr66)

123-13: Irrigated Field in a dry land. View to the west. Site on the northwest flank of the La Salle Mountains east of Moab, UT. (13Apr66)

123-14: "Priest & Nuns" (Triassic Wingate fm) - Castle Rock). View to southwest, 10 miles east of Moab, UT. (13Apr66)

123-15: Round Mountain, an igneous intrusion in Castle Valley. View to northwest, 10 miles east of Moab, UT. (13Apr66)

123-18: A ridge of the Triassic Wingate fm. View to southeast, 10 miles east of Moab, UT. (13Apr66)

123-22: Confluence of the Colorado and Dolorus Rivers, 20 miles northeast of Moab, UT. View to southeast. (13Apr66)

123-24: Dendritic drainage in shale at the foot of the Book Cliffs northwest of Grand Junction, CO. (13Apr66)

124-11: Distant view of Bingham Copper Mine in Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City, UT. View to the west. This is a porphyry mass that intrudes Pennsylvanian sediments. (13Apr66)

124-14: Bingham Copper Mine in Oquirrh Mountains, southwest of Salt Lake City UT. This porphyry mass intrudes Pennsylvanian sediments; the ore contains about 1 per cent copper. View to the west; note the ore trains that were active when this photo was taken in 1966. (13Apr66)

124-18: Lake Bonneville beaches cut on west side of Oquirrh Mountains near Tooele, UT. View to northeast. Also note old strand lines in fields at lower left. Wasatch Mountains are in the distance. (13Apr66)

124-22: Lake Bonneville beaches on west side of Oquirrh Mountains near Tooele, UT. View to southeast. The Tooele Airport is the narrow north/south strip in the foreground. (13Apr66)

124-27: Distant view of Stansbury Island, surrounded by salt flats on southwest side of Great Salt Lake, UT. View to the north. The Promontory Mountains are visible at the right horizon. (13Apr66)

124-29: Stansbury Island on southwest side of Great Salt Lake, UT. View is to the NNE. Stansbury Island is made of dipping Paleozoic sediments. Note the Lake Bonneville beach line that contours the ridges and valleys in the foreground. The Promontory Mountains are at the left horizon; the Wasatch Mountains are at the right. (13Apr66)

124-31: Stansbury Island on southwest side of Great Salt Lake, UT. A beach of Lake Bonneville follows a contour on these dipping Paleozoic sediments. View is to the southeast with the Wasatch Mountain Front in background. (13Apr66)

125-11: Alluvial fan on mountain north of Cache Peak, about 20 mi southeast of Burley, ID. View to the west. (Note landslides in higher valleys; is the whole fan the result of weathered mass movements?) (13Apr66)

125-12: Louis Maher and Geology Department's Cessna 170B (N2398D) at Burley ID. (14Apr66)

125-18: View south over Snake River at Thousand Springs area fish hatchery 20 miles northwest of Twin Falls, ID. Note effluent from farms and clear spring water. See also photo 125-20. (14Apr66)

125-20: Snake River and Tertiary lava at Thousand Springs area 20 miles northwest of Twin Falls, ID. View northwest. See also photo 125-18. (14Apr66)

125-21: Snake River tributaries resulting from spring sapping in Tertiary lavas. View to northeast 25 miles northwest of Twin Falls, ID. (14Apr66)

125-26: Quaternary lava surface and collapse features, southwest of Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. Note areas of wind-blown sand. Clumps of sagebrush provide scale. (14Apr66)

125-29: Fractured and collapsed Quaternary lava southwest of Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. View to the east. Clumps of sagebrush provide scale. (14Apr66)

125-36: Edge of recent lava flow at Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. View to southeast. Note both Aa and Pahoehoe flows. Soil has developed on older lava that supports pine trees and sagebrush. (14Apr66)

126-04: Recent lava flow at visitor center, Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. Note soil developed on the older lava. View to the east. Big Southern Butte (7576 ft) on horizon in upper left corner. 14Apr66)

126-12: Three aligned cinder cones at Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. View to northeast. Pine trees provide scale. (14Apr66)

126-24: Twin cones at Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. View to the east. Pines and sage provide scale. Lava from left crater continues down regional slope to the southeast. Note the linear rifts, the position of which in places are accentuated by snow. See also photo 126-25. (14Apr66)

126-25: Lava from twin cinder cones at Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. View to the east. See also photo 126-24. Pine trees provide scale. (14Apr66)

127-06: Big Southern Butte (7576 ft.), 20 miles east of Craters of the Moon National Monument, ID. View to the east. (14Apr66)

127-13: Stabilized sand dunes along south side of American Falls Reservoir (Snake River), west of Pocatello, ID. (14Apr66) (I visited this site on the ground during June 1966; a wind storm was in progress, and plenty of dust and silt was moving.) 

127-17: Braided Snake River upstream from Pocatello, ID. View to the southeast. (14Apr66)

127-21: Teton Mountain Range from the gentle west slope. View looking east from the vicinity of Lamont, ID. (14Apr66)

127-22: Yellowstone Plateau, WY. Yellowstone Lake (7733 ft.) in background; Lewis Lake in foreground. Absaroka Mountains at horizon. View to ENE. (14Apr66)

127-23: Yellowstone Plateau, WY. Yellowstone Lake (7733 ft) with West Thumb in middle distance. Shoshone Lake in foreground. Absaroka Mountains at horizon. View to ENE. (14Apr66)

127-24: Old Faithful Geyser Basin in Yellowstone Park, WY. View to northeast. Old Faithful geyser forms the sinter cone at the center of view south of the Firehole River. See also photo 127-25. (14Apr66)

127-25: Old Faithful Geyser Basin in Yellowstone Park, WY. Old Faithful geyser forms the sinter cone at the right, just west of Old Faithful Lodge. Firehole River flows to the left (northwest) through the siliceous sinter of the geyser cones. See also photo 127-24. (14Apr66)

127-29: Midway Geyser Basin with Grand Prismatic Pool, Yellowstone Park, WY. The steam blowing northeastward by the Firehole River is from Excelsior Geyser (last active in 1890). (14Apr66)

127-30: Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone Park, WY. View to east. (14Apr66)

127-31: View north from Norris Geyser Basin toward Mammoth Hot Springs and Electric Peak (10,992 ft., MT), Yellowstone Park, WY. (14Apr66)

127-33: Mammoth Hot Springs' calcareous deposits (center of view) look rather small from the air. Yellowstone Park, WY. View north toward Gardiner, MT along the Yellowstone River in the distance. (14Apr66)

128-05: Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Park, WY. Color comes from altered rhyolite lavas. View to north. (14Apr66)

128-07: Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Park, WY. View to west. Lower Falls are just visible in the distance. (14Apr66)

128-09: Inspiration Point, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Park, WY. View to north about two miles downstream from Lower Falls. (14Apr66)

128-11: Lower Falls of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Park, WY. The snow lingers in this shaded location. View to northwest. (14Apr66)

128-15: Sulphur Mountain in Hayden Valley, Yellowstone Park, WY. View to the west. (14Apr66)

128-17: Yellowstone Lake (7733 ft), Yellowstone Park, WY. View to southeast; West Thumb is to the right. (14Apr66)

128-20: Teton Range and Jackson Lake, WY. View to the south. (14Apr66)

128-23: Glaciated Mountains, Teton Range, WY. (Left to right: Mt. Moran [12,605 ft], Moran Canyon, and Bivouac Peak.) There are several small glaciers (i.e. Triple Glaciers) under the snow high on the north flank of Mt. Moran. (14Apr66)

128-24: Glaciated Mountains, Teton Range, WY. (Left to right: Grand Teton, Mt. St. John, Leigh Lake [under ice] at Leigh Canyon, Mt. Moran and Bivouac Peak) (14Apr66)

128-26: Teton Range, WY. (Left to right: Mt. St. John, Leigh Lake [under ice], Mt. Moran, and Bivouac Peak) (14Apr66)

128-31: Teton Range, WY. (Left to right: Mt. St. John, Paintbrush Canyon, Leigh Lake, Leigh Canyon and south side of Mt. Moran.) Note U-shape cross-sections of Paintbrush and Leigh Canyons. (14Apr66)

128-32: Mt. Moran (12,605 ft.), Teton Range, WY. View to the west. (14Apr66)

128-33: Jenny Lake along the Teton Range, WY. (Left to right: Grand Teton, U-shaped valley of Cascade Creek, south flank of Mt. St. John). View to the west. Jenny Lake is within the end moraine (Pinedale) of the glacier that occupied the valley of Cascade Creek. (14Apr66)

128-34: Jackson Hole, WY. Looking SSE down the Snake River. Note braided pattern and terraces. Blacktail Butte (fault block) is in middle distance. Gros Ventre Range forms background. (14Apr66)

128-35: Braided Snake River with terraces and snow. Jackson Hole, WY. (14Apr66)

129-02: Snow-covered Gros Ventre Debris Flow scar and ice-covered Lower Slide Lake in the Gros Ventre River. View looking southwest toward Jackson Hole, WY. The Debris flow occurred on June 23, 1925, blocking the valley and creating the Lake. The debris dam gave way on May 18, 1927, releasing the stored discharge, and causing loss of life in Kelly, WY a few miles downstream. See photo 129-05. (14Apr66)

129-03: Jackson Hole, WY and the Teton Range. View to WNW from near the Gros Ventre River. Antelope Flats and Snake River in middle distance. (14Apr66)

129-05: Blacktail Butte in Jackson Hole, WY. View to west from Gros Ventre Debris Flow. Kelly, WY is north of the river and highway at the bottom of the view. See photo 129-02. (14Apr66)

129-10: New Fork Lakes on the southern flank of the Wind River Mountains, 16 miles NNW of Pinedale, WY. View to the northeast. Note lateral, terminal and recessional moraines and outwash channels. See also photo 129-12. (14Apr66)

129-12: New Fork Lakes, 16 miles NNW of Pinedale, WY. View to the left of that in photo 129-10 showing outlying older moraines. (14Apr66)

129-14: Willow Lake and moraines on south flank of the Wind River Mountains, 9 miles NNW of Pinedale, WY. View to the northeast. Note one or more recessional moraines and the different morphological ages of the lateral moraines (i.e. pitted or smooth). Outwash channel in foreground. (14Apr66)

129-18: Vertical view down on lateral moraine of Fremont Lake, 6 miles NNE of Pinedale, WY. View to NNE. (14Apr66)

129-20: Interlobate moraine area east of Fremont Lake, 6 miles northeast of Pinedale, WY on south side of Wind River Mountains. View to the southeast. (14Apr66)

130-18: Boysen Reservoir, Wind River canyon through Owl Creek Mountains, 25 miles northeast of Riverton, WY. View to NNE. The Wind River changes it name to the Bighorn River as it passes through the Owl Creek Mountains; the stream is superimposed on the mountain structure. (15Apr66)

130-20: Wind River/Bighorn River exits Owl Creek Mountains and flows into Bighorn Basin. Five miles south of Thermopolis, WY; view toward north. The surface rocks in the foreground belong to the Phosphoria fm (Permian); red Chugwater shale (Triassic) is visible in the middle distance. (15Apr66)

130-21: Phosphoria fm (Permian) forms dip slope on the north side of the Owl Creek Mountains about five miles south of Thermopolis, WY. View looking southwest. (15Apr66)

130-27: Sheep Mountain anticline between Greybull and Lovell, WY. View to southeast. Anticline plunges to northwest. At left is northwest-plunging syncline. Note that the Bighorn River has been superimposed across this structure. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-66. (15Apr66)

130-28: Sheep Mountain anticline located between Greybull and Lovell, WY. View to southwest. Bighorn River superimposed across the fold; note railroad uses the same cut. Madison ls (Mississippian) and Amsden fm (Pennsylvanian) form the ridge; the red Chugwater fm (Triassic) crops out near the river. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-110. (15Apr66)

130-29: Exposure of the Thermopolis shale (Cretaceous) in a syncline on northeast side of Sheep Mountain between Greybull and Lovell, WY. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBB-3BB-128. (15Apr66)

130-32: Looking SSE over syncline at Sheep Mountain anticline between Greybull and Lovell, WY. Sheep Mountain has a core of the Madison fm (Mississippian). The Thermopolis shale--black shale of Cretaceous age--passes through the lower right corner of the photo. The rock in the foreground is the Cretaceous Mowry fm. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-66 (15Apr66)

130-35: Bentonite open-cut mines from the Cretaceous Mowry fm in a small syncline northwest of Sheep Mountain, WY. View to northwest. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-67. (15Apr66)

130-36: View along axis of minor anticline in Sheep Mountain area, WY. View to the northwest. The Thermopolis shale (Cretaceous) is exposed at the crest of the anticline in the middle distance. The surrounding rock is the Cretaceous Mowry shale. Note bentonite open-cut mining from the upper part of the Mowry fm along the northeast margin. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-68. (15Apr66)

131-01: Air view of anthills in Mesozoic strata of the Sheep Mountain area southeast of Lovell, WY. The diameters of many of these anthills exceed 40 feet. Elevation of plane about 300 feet. See, for example, Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-200. (15Apr66)

131-03: Tear fault in the Gypsum Spring (Jurassic) and Chugwater (Triassic) fms northwest of Little Sheep Mountain, 12 miles southeast of Lovell, WY. See also photos 131-04 and 131-05; Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-201. (15Apr66)

131-04: View southeast along strike toward a tear fault northwest of Little Sheep Mountain, 12 miles southeast of Lovell, WY. From left to right the formations are red Chugwater fm (Triassic), white Gypsum Spring fm (Jurassic) and brown Sundance fm (Jurassic). See also photos 131-03 and 131-05; Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-201. (15Apr66)

131-05: Tear fault in the Gypsum Spring (Jurassic) and Chugwater (Triassic) fms northwest of Little Sheep Mountain, 12 miles southeast of Lovell, WY. View to southwest. See also photos 131-03 and 131-04; Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-201. (15Apr66)

131-11: Eroded dome in Sheep Mountain area between Greybull and Lovell, WY. View to the southeast. Thermopolis shale and its Muddy ss member are exposed. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-2BB-256. (15Apr66)

131-12: Eroded dome in Sheep Mountain area between Greybull and Lovell, WY. View to southeast. Haulage road delivers bentonite to processing plant southwest of Sheep Mountain. Thermopolis shale (Cretaceous) is exposed in center of fold. The overlying unit is the Mowry shale (Cretaceous) which contains the bentonite. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: Air photo BBN-3BB-48. (15Apr66)

131-14: Southwest-dipping Cretaceous sands and clays in the Sheep Mountain area between Greybull and Lovell, WY. View to northwest. Pryor Mountains of Montana are in the right background. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: i.e. Air photo BBN-2BB-257. (15Apr66)

131-15: Southwest-dipping Cretaceous sands and clays in the Sheep Mountain area between Greybull and Lovell, WY. View to northwest. Note the large ant hills in the clay valleys. See Lovell-Greybull Area, Big Horn Co., WY, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Stabilization Service, 1961: i.e. Air photo BBN-2BB-257. (15Apr66)

131-22: South side of Cedar Mountain, 6 miles southwest of Cody, WY. View to west showing Buffalo Bill Reservoir on the Shoshone River and the Absaroka Range east of Yellowstone Park. That the Shoshone River has cut a valley between Cedar Mountain and Rattlesnake Mountain rather than draining south of Cedar Mountain is taken as evidence that the stream was superimposed across this once-buried ridge. Compare this view with photo 131-31. (15Apr66)

131-27: East end of the Buffalo Bill Reservoir looking downstream toward Cody, WY. See photos 131-22 and 131-31 for evidence the Shoshone River was superimposed across this ridge. (15Apr66)

131-31: View up the Shoshone River from just west of Cody, WY. The Buffalo Bill Reservoir and the Absaroka Range are visible in the distance. US Highways 14, 16 and 20 are at the right of the river. Cedar Mountain lies to the left; Rattlesnake Mountain is at the right. Compare this view with photo 131-22. (15Apr66)

131-33: Heart Mountain (8123 ft), a portion of the Heart Mountain thrust, lies 9 miles north of Cody, WY. View to north. Absaroka Range in the left distance. 15Apr66)

131-34: Polecat Bench from about 15 miles NNE of Cody, WY. This feature is armored by stream gravel, and it represents a small part of the sediment that once filled the Bighorn Basin. View to NNE. The Pryor and Bighorn Mountains are at the horizon. (15Apr66)

132-02: Sulphur and Petroleum plant, Elk Basin Oil Field, 20 miles WNW of Lovell, WY. (15Apr66)

132-09: Stream captures on escarpment south of the Pryor Mountains north of Lovell, WY. Rocks (Cretaceous) are Thermopolis shale overlain by the Mowry shale. (15Apr66)

132-20: Bighorn River canyon between the Pryor and Bighorn Mountains in MT. View to the northeast. This is another superimposed stream. (15Apr66)

132-22: Bighorn Canyon through the Bighorn Mountains in MT. View to northeast. (15Apr66)

132-32: Badlands in Tertiary sediments of Sheep Mountain Table, south of Scenic, SD. View to the east. Jeep road provides scale. (15Apr66)

133-05: Windmill in Nebraska Sand Hills, 15 miles south of Newport, NE. View to south. Note how the cattle trails break through the grass cover. Spruce cones, wood and pollen have been found at the base of ponds (like those at the upper right of the view) in parts of the Sand Hills, suggesting that the vegetation was very different at the end of the last ice age. (16Apr66)

133-07: Stream meanders of the Elkhorn River, 2 miles west of O'Neill, NE. View to the south. (16Apr66)

133-18: Moraine in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI. Note stone walls around cleared fields and the boulders remaining in the wood lot. View to southeast. See also photo 133-19. (18May66)

133-19: View down on moraine in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI. Note stone walls around cleared fields and the boulders remaining in the wood lot. View to south. See also photo 133-18. (18May66)

133-21: Moraine in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI. Boulders remain inside the pasture fence, but they have been removed from the fields. View to southeast. (18May66)

133-22: Sand pit in the Kettle Moraine, Fond du Lac and Sheboygan Counties, WI. View to the west. Note the shallow water table in the former outwash channel. (18May66)

133-26: Moulin Kame in the Kettle Moraine, 4 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. Conner Hill, looking southwest; Sec 8, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum 15-minute Quad. (18May66)

133-28: Moulin Kames, Kettle Moraine, 4 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to east. Garriety Hill in foreground; Conner Hill in background. (18May66)

133-31: Drumlin with contoured fields, south-central WI. View to southeast. (18May66)

134-09: Mississippi River islands near Cassville, WI. View to north. (20May66)

134-16: Loess Hills make up valley wall of the Missouri River in western IA. View north on east side of Missouri River, southeast of Omaha, NE. (20May66)

136-13: Coal strip mine south of Victoria, IL. (1Jun66)

136-17: Old coal strip mine south of Victoria, IL. (1Jun66)

136-18: Active coal mining power shovels west of Farmington, IL. Note how the sediment oxidizes to a lighter color as it is exposed to the air. (1Jun66)

136-28: Little Sinking Creek; view to the north. Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. (1Jun66)

136-29: Little Sinking Creek; view to the northeast. Note terra rosa in the plowed field. Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. (1Jun66) 

136-32: Pilot Knob (Limestone); view to the north. Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. (1Jun66)

140-03: Field of sinkholes; view to the south near Rocky Hill, KY. Note relation of various sinkholes to the water table and the terra rosa in the plowed fields. Site south of the Dripping Springs Escarpment. Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. (1Jun66)

140-09: Dry valley with terra rosa in plowed fields south of Green River, Woolsey Valley area, Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. View to the northeast. (1Jun66) 

140-11: Dry valley with sinkhole (and quite a few cows); view to the east about a mile southwest of Cedar Hill School. Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. (1Jun66)

140-15: Green River with ferry, Mammoth Cave Quad, KY. View to northwest in downstream direction; probably Sanders Ferry, four miles west of Mammoth Cave. (1Jun66)

140-18: General southward view of Bedford limestone quarries, Bedford, IN. (2Jun66)

140-23: Near vertical view of limestone (Mississippian) quarry at Bedford, IN. Top is to the north. (2Jun66)

140-25: Limestone quarry (Mississippian) at Bedford IN. View to the northwest. (2Jun66)

140-35: Blow-out dune along Lake Michigan shore north of Benton Harbor, MI. Erosion of the transverse dunes along the shore can produce parabolic dunes. View to the east. (2Jun66)

141-07: Lake Michigan shoreline. Drainage blocked by sand at Duck Lake, southwest of Whitehall, MI. View to east. Which way is the long-shore transport today? Which way is it on most days? (2Jun66)

141-11: Dunes covering trees at Little Sable Point, MI. View to the south. (2Jun66)

141-13: Dunes burying trees at Little Sable Point, MI. View to the north. (2Jun66)

141-15: Near vertical view of sand at Little Sable Point, MI. View to northeast. Tree has fallen owing to loss of root support. Once sand becomes mobile vegetation has a difficult time stabilizing it. Note dune-buggy tracks. (2Jun66)

141-21: NNW/SSE-trending drumlins 9 miles southwest of Charlevoix, MI. View to the ESE. (2Jun66)

141-22: NNW/SSE-trending drumlins 5 miles south of Charlevoix, MI. View to the southeast. See also 141-23. (2Jun66)

141-23: NNW/SSE-trending drumlins 5 miles south of Charlevoix, MI. View southward along their axes. Some of these same features are visible in 141-22. (2Jun66)

141-25: Mackinac Bridge at the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. View to the northeast. St. Ignace, MI is at the left; a portion of Mackinac Island is at the upper right. (2Jun66)

141-30: Isostatically-raised beaches near Pointe aux Chenes, Lake Michigan, about 10 miles northwest of St. Ignace, MI. View to the east. (2Jun66)

141-32: Soil differences on old beaches are mirrored in the vegetation. Isostatically-raised beaches near Pointe aux Chenes, Lake Michigan, about 10 miles northwest of St. Ignace, MI. View to the north. (2Jun66)

141-35: Old isostatically-raised beaches near Naubinway, MI. View to the southeast. (2Jun66)

142-05: Wave refraction along north shore Lake Michigan east of Manistique, MI. Note the wave energy is concentrated on the headlands instead of the bay. (2Jun66)

142-06: Wave refraction on a rocky headland east of Manistique, MI. (2Jun66)

146-30: Sinkholes in Permian Kaibab ls along right bank of Chevelon Fork (of the Little Colorado River), 18 miles southeast of Winslow, AZ. View to the southwest. (13Jun66)

147-11: Sinkholes in Permian Kaibab ls along right bank of Chevelon Fork (of the Little Colorado River), 18 miles southeast of Winslow, AZ. View to the south. Note aligned sinks and one that is just starting its collapse. Small Juniper trees provide scale. (13Jun66)

147-22: Three sinkholes aligned along a fracture. Sinkholes in Permian Kaibab ls along right bank of Chevelon Fork (of the Little Colorado River), 18 miles southeast of Winslow, AZ. View to the north. Small juniper trees provide scale. (13Jun66)

147-23: Aligned sinkholes in Permian Kaibab ls along right bank of Chevelon Fork (of the Little Colorado River), 18 miles southeast of Winslow, AZ. View to the northwest. For scale, there is a white-faced cow at about the "eight o'clock" position to the left of a small tree at the edge of the second sink from the lower border of the photo. (13Jun66)

149-14: Rainbow Bridge, UT. View from the ground looking north. (14Jun66)

152-03: Wisconsin River and sand bars. Looking upstream (northeast) about five miles southwest of Sauk City, WI. Note the uncultivated woodland at the right. Why is it left in pasture? If you wade in such a river, walk upstream from the sandbar, not downstream. Why? (3Aug66)

152-06: Wisconsin River sand bars between Sauk City and Spring Green, WI. Is the stream flowing to the left or to the right? (3Aug66)

152-10: Wisconsin River sand bars, southeast of Sauk City, WI. The valley walls are composed of Paleozoic sediments. (3Aug66)

152-17: La Rue Quarry, 1 mile south of La Rue, WI. View to the east. This is one of the few quarries in the Baraboo area where the marine Cambrian sandstone can be seen to overlap directly on to the intensely eroded Precambrian Baraboo quartzite. The light yellow sand overlies the purple quartzite at the left side of the quarry and rises to the right. The light-colored vertical cliff at the right of center is quartzite all the way to the surface; its color is caused by stain on a joint surface. (3Aug66)

152-21: Devils Lake cliffs at Devils Lake State Park, 3 miles south of Baraboo, WI. View is to the northwest. The Precambrian quartzite, on the south limb of the Baraboo Syncline, dips to the north. The quartzite valley in which Devils Lake is located was blocked by glacial moraines during the Quaternary; the northern blockage can be seen at the upper right. (3Aug66)

156-07: Pecatonica River meanders, north of Hy 151, midway between Mineral Point and Belmont, WI. View to east-northeast. (25Aug66)

156-07vc: Ages of some of the abandoned meander loops of the Pecatonica River north of Hy 151, midway between Mineral Point and Belmont, WI. View to east-northeast. This is Fig. 4 of Knox, James C. 2000. Sensitivity of modern and Holocene floods to climate change. Quaternary Science Review 19, 439-475. Figure used with the permission of the author.

156-18: Turkey River, east of Osterdock, IA in Clayton County, 8 miles west of Cassville, WI. View downstream to the east along a meandering section. Note how the river is at opposite sides of its flood plain within a very short distance. (25Aug66)


   161-16vc: Index map of Black Hills (SD) 

   161-20vc: Index map of Bighorn Mountains (WY)

   161-21vc: Index map of Cedar Mountain (WY)

   161-23vc: Index map of Polecat Bench (WY)

   161-30vc: Index map of Wind River Basin and Owl Creek Mountains (WY)


162-19: Esker in Blue Lake, 10 miles northeast of Elk River, MN. View to the northeast. (25Oct66)

162-28: Fall vegetation (tamarack, paper birch, and white pine) on glaciated terrain with an esker cut by the road. View to the northeast, near Finlayson, MN. (25Oct66)

162-29: Finlayson Esker and Fall vegetation near Finlayson, MN. (25Oct66)

163-07: Stacked logs and smoke at paper mill in Cloquet, MN. St. Louis River is at the left. View to the east. (25Oct66)

163-26: York Island, one of the Apostle Islands, 12 miles NNW of Bayfield, WI. The Apostle Islands are composed of the Bayfield Group (Cambrian(?) or Upper Proterozoic) feldspathic quartzose sandstone with some orthoquartzitic sandstone. (25Oct66)

163-28: Raspberry Island, one of the Apostle Islands, 11 miles NNW of Bayfield, WI, showing Raspberry Island Light. View to the southeast. (25Oct66)

163-30: Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. View to ESE. This once was a spit connecting southeastward to Chequamegon Point; it was breached on several occasions in the 19th Century. Chequamegon Point Light is at the lower right corner of the photo; La Pointe Light, with a pier, is at the extreme left. Note how the tree patterns indicate former beach ridges. (25Oct66)

163-31: Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. La Point Light and pier are at the left. View is to the southeast. Chequamegon Point is visible in the distance. (25Oct66)

163-32: Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. La Point Light and pier are at the left. View is to the southeast. Part of Chequamegon Point is visible in the distance. (25Oct66)

163-33: A detail of the north shore of Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. View is to the south. La Point Light lies off the photo to the left. Note that the rows of trees grow on the better-drained soil of former beach ridges. The island is apparently growing on the north side while suffering erosion on the side facing the bay. (25Oct66)

163-34: The western end of Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. View to the WSW. Note how erosion on the bay side (left) has flooded the southernmost swale forming several lakes. (25Oct66)

163-35: Eastern tip of Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. View to the SSE. The tip of Chequamegon Point is at the upper margin. (25Oct66)

163-36: Western tip of Long Island in Chequamegon Bay, WI. View is to the west; Chequamegon Point Light is at the tip. Note that the rows of trees lie on the better-drained soil of former beach ridges. The island is apparently growing on the north (right) side while suffering erosion on the side facing the bay. (25Oct66)

175-09: Sand quarry in the Parnell Esker, 3 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to the northeast; Center Sec 20, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum Quad. Note the few large boulders that the esker stream was carrying. The marsh at the right has been channelized. See also photos 257-11 and 436-25. (4May67)

175-10: Parnell Esker and a kettle lake (marsh), 3 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to the NNE; northeast 1/4 Sec 20, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum Quad. Note the "borrow pit" a farmer has made in the side of the esker near the center of the photo. (4May67)

175-13: Garriety Hill, a moulin kame in Kettle Moraine, 4 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to north at southwest corner Sec 8, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum Quad. (4May67)

175-30: Erosion in the Driftless Area of southwestern WI. (18May67)

188-07: Sand bars in the lower part of the Wisconsin River, upstream from Prairie du Chien, WI. View to the south. (23Apr69)

188-11: 1969 Mississippi River flood at Prairie du Chien, WI. View to the west. High bridge carries Hy 18 to Iowa. See also photo 188-13 for area immediately north. (23Apr69)

188-13: 1969 Mississippi River flood at Prairie du Chien, WI. Note Villa Louis, the red-roofed mansion, high and dry on its own mound at the left. Villa Louis was built by the family of Hercules Dousman, a wealthy fur trapper who came to town in 1826. He apparently picked his mound wisely. The estate is now maintained by the Historical Society of Wisconsin. See also photo 188-11, immediately to the south. (23Apr69)

188-30: Pecatonica River meanders, north of Hy 151, midway between Mineral Point and Belmont, WI. View to the north. (23Apr69)

193-26: Ground view of Delicate Arch, Arches National Park, UT. View southeast to the La Sal Mountains. See also photo 123-04. (1Apr70)

202-25: Erosion in Driftless Area of southwestern WI. (8Jun71)

202-30: Vertical view down on sand bars of the Wisconsin River, 8 miles east of Spring Green, WI. Is the river flowing to the left or to the right? (8Jun71)

203-11: Turkey River, southwest of Guttenberg, IA. Stream flows to the left. Note the stream's history in the plowed fields. (8Jun71)

203-16: Contoured fields in the Driftless Area in Grant County, WI. View to the west. (8Jun71)

226-11: The type section of the Two Creeks Forest Bed between Two Rivers and Kewaunee, WI. View is to the northwest. The road at the upper left corner is the boundary between Manitowoc (left) and Kewaunee (right) Counties. The road paralleling Lake Michigan is State Hy 42. In 1966 or 1967, R.F. Black, D.L. Clark and others of the University of Wisconsin, excavated down to the forest bed and erected a sheet-steel building to protect the exposure of a number of spruce trees that had first been killed by rising lake level and then bulldozed by ice of the Great Lakean advance. The wood from this and other nearby exposures averages 11,850 yr B.P. The steel building was located near the shore about where the tire tracks end in the plowed field south of the tavern. By the Spring of 1973, shoreline erosion had left only debris at the edge of the water. (15May73)

257-11: Quarry in Parnell Esker, Kettle Moraine State Park, 3 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to the north; Center Sec 20, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum Quad., WI. Note that the marsh in the center of the photo has been drained by the landowner. See also photos 175-09 and 436-25. (27Apr76)

276-36: Precambrian river valley across the south limb of the Baraboo Syncline at Devils Lake State Park, WI. View to the southeast with the Wisconsin River and hills of Paleozoic strata in the distance. Fall vegetation of mixed hardwoods with some pines. (23Oct78)

314-09: Landsat mosaic of Wisconsin and adjacent parts of Minnesota and Iowa. Note that the lakes and moraines in the Green Bay Lobe are clearly shown.

322-32: Pink Lady Quarry at Ableman Gorge north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the northeast. The rock mined is the Precambrian Baraboo quartzite, and it is used for railroad ballast. (15Oct86)

334-16: Volcanic cones northeast of the San Francisco Mountains north of Flagstaff, AZ. View to the east. (25Oct87)

334-18: Sunset Crater (erupted in 1190 A.D.) northeast of the San Francisco Mountains north of Flagstaff, AZ. View to the southeast. Note the remnants of volcanic ash among the trees in the foreground. (25Oct87)

371-21: Ableman Gorge north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the south. The Pink Lady Quarry is at the left. Van Hise Rock is near the bend of the highway in the foreground. The site is on the north limb of the Baraboo Syncline. The Precambrian Baraboo quartzite strikes east/west and is vertical. The upland is composed of horizontal Cambrian sandstone. (6Apr90)

407-16: Devils Lake, WI. During the evening of 17-18 July 1993, eight inches of rain was recorded within a 3-hr period in the Baraboo Hills; it is reported that a station with an electronic rain gauge accumulated 13 inches of rain in one hour. The resulting runoff caused Devils Lake to overflow and wash out the railroad and the Park's north exit road. The view is toward the south; the discharge came from the upper left flowing north along the railroad. (19Jul93)

407-22: Baraboo River in flood after eight inches of rain was recorded within a 3-hr period in the Baraboo Hills. The view is to the northeast toward the Lower Narrows from a position just south of Baraboo, WI. See also photos 407-16 and 407-23 (19Jul93)

407-23: Devils Lake, WI. During the evening of 17-18 July 1993, eight inches of rain was recorded within a 3-hr period in the Baraboo Hills; it is reported that a station with an electronic rain gauge accumulated 13 inches of rain in one hour. The resulting runoff caused Devils Lake to overflow and wash out the railroad and the Park's north exit road. The view is toward the NNW. The lake overflowed by the partially submerged pavilion and then northward along the railroad line. (19Jul93)

416-14: Cows cooling off in the Wisconsin River south of Sauk City, WI. (28Jul95)

421-04: Pheasant Branch Marsh, Middleton, WI. View to the north. A spring emerges from a group of trees at the base of Frederick's Hill and flows south through the marsh to Lake Mendota. (26Jul96)

427-11: Johnstown Moraine 9 miles west of Madison, WI. View to the east with Lake Mendota visible in the distance. The quarry in the foreground (Ordovician Platteville dolomite) is in the Driftless Area. Shoveler's Sink, the pond in the middle distance, formed in front of the moraine. The moraine is currently being developed for housing. (23Sep97)

427-15: Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains, WI. The sand pit in the foreground is utilizing outwash from the Johnstown moraine. View to the WNW. The creek drains into the Wisconsin River valley just visible in the distance. (23Sep97)

429-16: Baraboo River about 3 miles east of Baraboo, WI. River flows from right to left. View is toward the southeast. (16Oct97)

429-20: Cut-off meanders of the Baraboo River about 2 miles east of Baraboo, WI. View is toward the southeast. The river flows to the east (left) in a contorted tree-lined channel. The river has a low gradient which will probably diminish as glacial rebound continues. (16Oct97)

430-21: Ableman Gorge north of Rock Springs, WI. The Pink Lady Quarry is in the left foreground. View is to the southwest approximately parallel to the local strike of the Baraboo quartzite. (10Apr98)

430-26: Ableman Gorge north of Rock Springs, WI. This is the Upper Narrows of the Baraboo syncline. View is to the north. The train is loading broken quartzite from the Pink Lady quarry. (10Apr98)

431-12: Gorge of Devils Lake, 7 miles southeast of Baraboo, WI. View looking northwest. Devils Nose is on the left with Chicago and Northwestern Railroad tracks. This part of the gorge lacks the talus that is common around Devils Lake; the glacier bulldozed it into the tree-covered moraine that blocks the valley. The lake is higher than the valley in the right foreground. (30Jun98)

431-14: Gorge of Devils Lake, 7 miles southeast of Baraboo, WI. View looking west. The tree-covered mass that blocks the valley just this side of the lake is the end moraine of the Green Bay lobe. The moraine can be traced over the uplands on both sides of the gorge. Devils Nose is on the left; the line along its base is the route by which the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad crosses the South Range of the Baraboo Syncline. (30Jun98)

431-21: Gorge of Devils Lake, 3 miles south of Baraboo, WI. View looking south. This "L"-shaped river gorge across the Precambrian quartzite of the South Range of the Baraboo Syncline was cut previous to Upper Cambrian time when it was filled by marine sandstone. The whole area was deeply buried by Paleozoic marine sediments. When these were eroded away, streams that encountered the buried quartzite ridge migrated laterally and excavated the earlier quartzite gorge. When Pleistocene glaciers reached the eastern portion of the Baraboo Range, the terminal moraine of the Green Bay lobe blocked off the gorge and Devils Lake was formed. The tree-covered ridge this side of the lake is the northern moraine dam; the southern blockage is just around the left-turn bend at the other side of the lake. (30Jun98)

434-04: Wisconsin River about 9 miles downstream from Sauk City, WI. View to the northeast. (9May99)

434-07: Devils Lake gorge, from a position over the South Range of the Baraboo Syncline, 5 miles south of Baraboo, WI. View looking NNW. The quartzite here dips 15 to 20 degrees to the north. Devils Lake has formed between two segments of the Johnstown Moraine. The northern moraine can be seen as the tree-covered ridge on the opposite side of the lake; the southern moraine blockage is just out of sight at the lower right. (9May99)

434-09 Devils Lake in Devils Lake State Park, 3 miles south of Baraboo, WI. View looking south. The Chicago and Northwestern Railroad skirts the lake at the left. The lake formed in an ancient quartzite gorge that was blocked near each end by glacial moraines. (9May99)

434-10: La Rue Quarry, one mile south of La Rue, WI. View to the southeast. The quarry is in the Baraboo Quartzite (Precambrian) on the south limb of the Baraboo Syncline. Note piles of broken quartzite that are awaiting shipment. (9May99)

434-11: Rock Springs, WI at the southern end of Ableman Gorge on the north limb of the Baraboo Syncline. The Pink Lady quarry at the upper left of the photo produces quartzite that is used for ballast between railroad ties. The Chicago and Northwestern Railroad parallels the Baraboo River that cuts diagonally across the photo. (9May99)

434-12: Ableman Gorge just north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the NNW. State Hy 136 runs through the gorge parallel to the Baraboo River and the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. A part of the Pink Lady Quarry is at the right. On the left are older abandoned quarries in the vertical layers of the Baraboo Quartzite on the northern limb of the Baraboo Syncline. The quartzite is unconformably overlain by horizontal Cambrian sandstone. The two stainless-steel tank trucks to the left of the highway in the foreground are filled with spring water for commercial sale. (9May99)

434-13: Ableman Gorge just north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the northwest. Just past the cars there is a gathering for the Van Hise Rock National Historic Landmark Dedication. Van Hise Rock itself is to the right of WI Hy 136 just before it bends sharply to the left. See also photo 434-15. (9May99)

434-15: Van Hise Rock National Historic Landmark Dedication in Ableman Gorge (Upper Narrows) north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the northeast. Van Hise Rock is to the right of the gathering where the highway and the railroad are closest. See also photo 434-13. (9May99)

434-17: Pink Lady Quarry north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the north. The east/west-trending Baraboo Quartzite (Precambrian) of the north limb of the Baraboo Syncline is vertical at this location, and the strike is almost parallel to the north quarry wall. The quartzite is unconformably overlain by marine sandstone of Upper Cambrian age; it is the darker brown unit under the green vegetation. When the Cambrian seas reached this area, the quartzite formed a linear ridge that was progressively submerged while also being eroded by the waves; rounded pebbles and cobbles form coarse facies in the Cambrian sandstone formation. Today the quartzite is broken up for use as ballast between railroad ties. (9May99)

434-18: Gorge of Narrows Creek at the northwest margin of the Baraboo Syncline two miles west of Rock Springs, WI. View to the northwest; Reedsburg, WI is in the distance at the right. Remnants of the Upper Cambrian sandstone that once filled this valley can still be found; hence the original valley cut in the Baraboo quartzite predates that time. (9May99)

434-20: The Lower Narrows on the north limb of the Baraboo Syncline, 7 miles ENE of Baraboo, WI. View to the north. The tree-lined Baraboo River, which enters the Baraboo Syncline by Ableman Gorge, leaves the syncline through this cut. State Hy 33 also takes advantage of this route across the quartzite ridge. (9May99)

434-24: Islands in the Wisconsin River at the head of "Lake Wisconsin" about 17 miles above the dam at Prairie du Sac, WI. View is toward the northeast. (9May99)

435-17: Drumlins in Lake Sinissippi, an artificial lake near Hustisford, WI. View is toward the northwest. See also photo 435-18. (29Jun99)

435-18: Drumlins in Lake Sinissippi, an artificial lake near Hustisford, WI. View is toward the northwest. See also photo 435-17. (29Jun99)

436-23: The Valders Lime and Stone Company Quarry at Valders, WI. The quarry is developed in Silurian dolomite about 12 miles east of the Niagraran Escarpment. It is situated at a high spot on the landscape, and most of the section being mined is in Silurian reef carbonates. Over the years quarry operations have exposed an interesting sequence of Quaternary sediments. View is toward the north. See also photo 436-24. (29Jun99)

436-24: The Valders Lime and Stone Company Quarry at Valders, WI. The quarry is developed in Silurian dolomite about 12 miles east of the Niagraran Escarpment. It is situated at a high spot on the landscape, and most of the section being mined is in Silurian reef carbonates. View is toward the northwest. Quarry operations have exposed an interesting sequence of Quaternary sediments; in this view at the east end of the quarry is the type locality of the Valders Till. See also photo 436-23. (29Jun99)

436-25: Sand quarry in the Parnell Esker, 3 miles northeast of Dundee, WI. View to the northeast; Center Sec 20, T14N, R20E, Kewaskum Quad. See also photos 175-09 and 257-11. This exposure of the esker illustrates how the season and year of photography can influence what we can see either from the air or the ground. (29Jun99)

438-09: Pink Lady Quarry north of Rock Springs, WI. Vertical Baraboo quartzite is being quarried here for railroad ballast. View to the northeast. Note the jagged valley wall of Ableman Gorge in the foreground. Quarrying operations had created a dividing rock wall that was, by State Law, too narrow for its height; the top of the divide was lowered. (30Aug99)

438-26: Pheasant Branch Marsh, Middleton, WI. View to the northwest. A spring emerges from a group of trees at the base of Frederick's Hill and flows south through the marsh to Lake Mendota. The marsh is being surrounded on all sides by housing developments. There is concern that paved surfaces and increased groundwater pumping will threaten the spring and the wetland. (23Sep99)

439-02: Ground view of La Rue Quarry, one mile south of La Rue, WI. View to the east. The quarry is in the Baraboo Quartzite (Precambrian) on the south limb of the Baraboo Syncline. At the lower right are piles of broken quartzite awaiting shipment. The horizontal light-colored friable Cambrian sandstones in the left to middle view unconformably overlie the northward-dipping Baraboo quartzite. At many localities around the Baraboo syncline, Cambrian storms carried coarse quartzite conglomerate off-shore forming tongues of conglomerate in the sandstone. But at this sheltered position on the inside of the quartzite "atoll" (see initial map BARABOVC.JPG), only a few angular blocks mark the unconformity. (2Oct99)

439-30: Wisconsin River and US Hy 14 Bridge just southeast of Spring Green, WI. (See also photo 439-31.) View downstream to the south. (4May00)

439-31: Wisconsin River just downstream from US Hy 14 Bridge southeast of Spring Green, WI. (See also photo 439-30.) View to the southwest. (4May00)

440-12: High water along the Baraboo River just before it enters the Upper Narrows (Ableman Gorge) north of Rock Springs, WI. View toward the southwest. Road is WI Hy 136. (6Jun00)

440-14: Baraboo River flood at Rock Springs, WI. View to the southeast. In the foreground Narrows Creek is backed up at its junction with the Baraboo River. In the distance the flood water can be seen endangering the commuity's sewage treatment plant. (6Jun00)

440-16: Waunakee Marsh State Wildlife Area, west of Waunakee, WI. View to the west along WI Hy 19. The marsh occupies one of the numerous tunnel channels through which meltwater was discharged from beneath the glacier that occupied the Green Bay Lowland. This discontinuous valley system extends westward to the Wisconsin River. (30Jun00)

440-18: Wisconsin River (Left) and the Columbia Power Plant with its cooling pond (Columbia Lake) 6 miles south of Portage, WI. View to the NNE. (30Jun00)

440-27: Lower Narrows of the Baraboo Syncline through which the Baraboo River and WI Hy 33 pass. View toward the southwest. (30Jun00)

443-09: Ableman Gorge or the Upper Narrows just north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the SSW. Van Hise Rock is on the river side of WI Hy 136 just left of the center of the view. Abandoned quarries in the distance expose vertical Baraboo quartzite. (28Apr01)

443-10vc: Ableman Gorge to the north of Rock Springs, WI. View to the north. The arrow points to Van Hise Rock; the red schematic structure indicates the quartzite outcrop shown on ABLEMANV.JPG. Distance is measured from the south foundation stonework of the railroad bridge over the Baraboo River and the scale is corrected for perspective. (28Apr01)

444-14: Drumlin landscape of the Green Bay Lobe. View WSW along I94 toward Madison, WI, which is visible near the horizon 17 miles away. Most of the tree-covered hills are drumlins; many of the wetlands between have been drained. Note that the swells and swales along the Interstate form a subdued representation of the topography. (11Jul01)

444-16: A series of drumlins of the Green Bay Lobe about two miles SE of Waterloo, WI. View to the NW. State Hy 89 is at the lower right corner (11Jul01)

444-20: Drumlins of the Green Bay Lobe. View to the north along State Hy 89. Waterloo, WI is 2 miles away at the upper left corner. (11Jul01)

444-24: Quarry in the Johnstown Moraine along Tower Road at the crest of the South Range of the Baraboo syncline 5 miles SE of Baraboo, WI. View to SW. Quarrying began in outwash sediments west of the moraine. A few years ago the underlying Baraboo quartzite was encountered (center of view), and it is being utilized as well. (11Jul01).

ablemanv.jpg: "Making the Curve near Ableman, Wis." is an interesting picture postcard that was taken in the Upper Narrows in the early 1900's. Ableman was the former name of Rock Springs, WI. The picture is from the collection of Fred Galley of Portage, WI, who graciously granted me permission to use it. The photo fits with a collection of air photos because its original camera position is now a number of feet in the air owing to the lowering of the valley wall between the gorge and the adjacent Pink Lady Quarry (see comments with photo 438-09). The photo is undated, but it was probably taken during the first decade of the 20th Century. The second track was completed just after 1900, and the quarries that provided roadway fill--and the fill itself--are fresh and clearly shown on the photo. (The conglomerate was transported off-shore when Cambrian seas beat against the exposed quartzite cliffs.) The covered bridge, by which the road crosses the Baraboo River, was replaced in 1923 (Reedsburg Times, July 13, 1923). The large quartzite outcrop between the caboose and the highway (lower left corner) immediately caught my attention. Does it include Van Hise Rock? The railroad reverted to a single track in 1954, but the bridge foundation was not altered. In August 2000 I used a tape to measure the 186-foot distance between the stone foundations of the railroad bridge. The distance from the south foundation to Van Hise Rock is 309 feet. There are about four and one-third box cars on the bridge (each car averages 43 ft), and there are five cars between the bridge and the south end of the outcrop by the caboose (215 feet). Van Hise Rock must lie off the left end of the photo. See photo 443-10vc for the reconstructed position of this quartzite mass that was almost 60 feet long and 35 feet tall. A plaque was affixed to Van Hise Rock in 1923; perhaps that was the only way to save it from the same fate as the block on this postcard. My thanks to Donna Lange, Robert Dott, and William Cronon for information used in this caption.

barabovc.jpg: Digital Terrain Model of the Baraboo Syncline showing the locations of some of the sites shown in the photos.